Lasers are used to activate photosensitizers to destroy the bacteria and more recently to activate irrigation solutions by the transfer of pulsed energy. It appears that irrigation enhanced by ER:YAG laser light is effective in removing dentin debris and also in smear layer removal This might be achieved by the action of a pulsed ER:YAG laser via photon-initiated photo- acoustic streaming (PIPS) .
PIPS functions via a direct shock wave, which is elicited from the specific model and settings of an Er:YAG laser used in this investigation . The unit was equipped with a novel 400-micro meter diameter radial and stripped tip. When activated at sub abalative parameters in a limited volume of fluid, the high absorption of the Er:YAG wavelength in water, combined with the high peak power derived from the short pulse duration that was used (50 microseconds), resulted in a photomechanical phenomenon.
REF: JOE 37, 7, 2011
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